{"id":7879,"date":"2023-01-01T13:17:04","date_gmt":"2023-01-01T12:17:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/czulent.pl\/spreading-hatred-consequences-counteraction-criminalization\/"},"modified":"2026-04-12T15:36:28","modified_gmt":"2026-04-12T13:36:28","slug":"spreading-hatred-consequences-counteraction-criminalization","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/czulent.pl\/en\/spreading-hatred-consequences-counteraction-criminalization\/","title":{"rendered":"Spreading hatred. Consequences. Counteraction. Criminalization."},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-15394339 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"padding-top:10vh;padding-right:5vw;padding-bottom:10vh;padding-left:5vw\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:35%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flex wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><strong>Subject<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\" class=\"taxonomy-post_tag has-link-color tagi-bez-linkow wp-elements-b6f94dcd614a426b50bd410cb735119f wp-block-post-terms has-text-color has-custom-szary-color has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/czulent.pl\/en\/tag\/capacity-building\/\" rel=\"tag\">capacity building<\/a><span class=\"wp-block-post-terms__separator\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/czulent.pl\/en\/tag\/case-law-and-legal-standards\/\" rel=\"tag\">case-law and legal standards<\/a><span class=\"wp-block-post-terms__separator\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/czulent.pl\/en\/tag\/human-rights\/\" rel=\"tag\">human rights<\/a><span class=\"wp-block-post-terms__separator\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/czulent.pl\/en\/tag\/legal-intervention\/\" rel=\"tag\">legal intervention<\/a><span class=\"wp-block-post-terms__separator\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/czulent.pl\/en\/tag\/systemic-change\/\" rel=\"tag\">systemic change<\/a><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wersja-jezykowa is-layout-flex wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><strong>available languages<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\" class=\"taxonomy-category has-link-color tagi-bez-linkow wp-elements-b8efe51481ef27535460703166737b8a wp-block-post-terms has-text-color has-custom-szary-color\"><a href=\"https:\/\/czulent.pl\/en\/category\/polish\/\" rel=\"tag\">Polish<\/a><span class=\"wp-block-post-terms__separator\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/czulent.pl\/en\/category\/publications\/\" rel=\"tag\">Publications<\/a><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flex wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><strong>Date of publication<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-post-date\"><time datetime=\"2023-01-01T13:17:04+01:00\">January 1, 2023<\/time><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1023\" height=\"1406\" src=\"https:\/\/czulent.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/podrecznik-szerzenie-nienawisci-kryminalizacja.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7011\" srcset=\"https:\/\/czulent.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/podrecznik-szerzenie-nienawisci-kryminalizacja.png 1023w, https:\/\/czulent.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/podrecznik-szerzenie-nienawisci-kryminalizacja-218x300.png 218w, https:\/\/czulent.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/podrecznik-szerzenie-nienawisci-kryminalizacja-745x1024.png 745w, https:\/\/czulent.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/podrecznik-szerzenie-nienawisci-kryminalizacja-768x1056.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1023px) 100vw, 1023px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column wpis-tresc is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:65%\"><h2 class=\"wp-block-post-title has-xx-large-font-size\">Spreading hatred. Consequences. Counteraction. Criminalization.<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>In the face of the growing scale of hate speech, the rapid development of new technologies, and increasingly complex forms of prejudice in both online and offline spaces, this publication was developed by the Jewish Association Czulent in cooperation with experts in sociology, psychology, and law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This practical tool is intended for those working in the field of human rights, public institutions, educators, activists, and anyone seeking to more effectively recognize, understand, and counter hate crimes. The publication not only helps identify contemporary forms of hate, but above all provides concrete solutions \u2013 from analyzing the phenomenon to legal and intervention measures. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Why was this publication created?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The publication is the result of several years of research conducted as part of a project monitoring antisemitic crimes and hate speech. The analysis of hundreds of cases has shown that contemporary hate less often takes obvious forms and is more frequently concealed in symbols, memes, and cultural codes present in social media and public space. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At the same time, we continue to observe a low level of public awareness of these phenomena. It is precisely this gap \u2013 between the growing scale of the problem and the lack of tools to recognize it \u2013 that became the impetus for developing this comprehensive publication. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What does the publication include?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The publication combines expert knowledge with practical tools for action. It consists of several complementary parts: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>sociological perspective \u2013 an analysis of how hate symbols function in culture and social space,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>psychological perspective \u2013 the mechanisms behind the emergence and persistence of hate speech,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>catalogue of hate symbols \u2013 a unique compilation of signs, codes, and memes along with their context and meanings,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>legal and procedural tools \u2013 guidance on reporting crimes and conducting proceedings,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>practical case studies \u2013 examples of real-life situations and interventions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>A particular strength of the publication is its catalogue of symbols, which includes both explicit, historical hate symbols and contemporary, contextual, and \u201chidden\u201d forms of communication found, among others, in internet culture and social media. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>catalogue of hate symbols \u2013 a unique compilation of signs, codes, and memes along with their context and meanings,<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>One of the key conclusions of the publication is the changing nature of how hate operates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Today, it spreads through platforms such as TikTok, Instagram, Discord, and gaming servers, using the language of memes, irony, and seemingly neutral symbols.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This makes the line between a \u201cjoke\u201d and a hateful message increasingly blurred, allowing hate to gradually permeate the social mainstream. The publication shows how to recognize these mechanisms and how to respond to them \u2013 before they escalate into violence. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Who is this tool for?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The publication has been designed as practical support for:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>civil society organizations and activists,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>teachers and educators,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>representatives of public administration and services,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>lawyers and professionals working with victims of violence,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>anyone who wants to better understand contemporary manifestations of hate.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>By combining theory and practice, it enables not only the diagnosis of the problem but also an effective response to it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Expert knowledge and cross-sectoral cooperation<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The publication was developed in cooperation with recognized experts, including in the fields of sociology (Lech M. Nijakowski), psychology (Miko\u0142aj Winiewski), and law (Joanna Grabarczyk-Anders, Jacek Mazurczak, Tomasz Plaszczyk). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This combination of perspectives made it possible to create a tool that responds to real challenges \u2013 both at the systemic level and in everyday practice.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-4cec65a6 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"padding-right:5vw;padding-left:5vw\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:35%\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">Table of contents<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list has-small-font-size\">\n<li>Symbolic Domains and Hate Symbols: A Sociological Perspective  <em>Lech M. Nijakowski<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Psychological aspects of hate speech. <em>Miko\u0142aj Winiewski<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hate signs- catalog. <em>Anna Mak\u00f3wka-Kwapisiewicz<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Crime reporting and what happens next? &#8211; Practical considerations.  <em>Tomasz Plaszczyk<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Proceedings oncerning hate speech on the Internet<br\/> <em>Joanna Grabarczyk-Anders, Tomasz Plaszczyk, Jacek Mazurczak<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Glossary <em>Tomasz Plaszczyk<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Case Studies \u2013 Examples of Reports on Hate Crimes<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-45b20515 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--1\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-text-align-left wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/czulent.pl\/download\/3175\/?tmstv=1688385321\" style=\"border-style:none;border-width:0px;border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>[PDF]<br\/>Spreading Hate. Consequences. Counteraction. Criminalization   <\/strong><br\/>Download the Polish version of the publication<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-15394339 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"padding-top:10vh;padding-right:5vw;padding-bottom:10vh;padding-left:5vw\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:35%\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">Cooperation and support<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column wpis-tresc is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:65%\">\n<p>The publication was developed as part of the project \u201cAn Integrated System for Monitoring Antisemitic Crimes and Hate Speech, and Providing Assistance and Support to Members of the Jewish Community,\u201d implemented by the Jewish Association Czulent and the Jewish Community of Warsaw.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The project was funded by the European Union under the Rights, Equality and Citizenship Programme 2014\u20132020, as well as by the Foundation Remembrance, Responsibility and Future (EVZ).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In the face of the growing scale of hate speech, the rapid development of new technologies, and increasingly complex forms of prejudice in both online and offline spaces, this publication was developed by the Jewish Association Czulent in cooperation with experts in sociology, psychology, and law.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7666,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"single-project-publication","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[248,250],"tags":[371,356,360,351,373],"class_list":["post-7879","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-polish","category-publications","tag-capacity-building","tag-case-law-and-legal-standards","tag-human-rights","tag-legal-intervention","tag-systemic-change"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Spreading hatred. Consequences. Counteraction. Criminalization. - \u017bydowskie Stowarzyszenie Czulent<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/czulent.pl\/en\/spreading-hatred-consequences-counteraction-criminalization\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Spreading hatred. Consequences. Counteraction. Criminalization. - \u017bydowskie Stowarzyszenie Czulent\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In the face of the growing scale of hate speech, the rapid development of new technologies, and increasingly complex forms of prejudice in both online and offline spaces, this publication was developed by the Jewish Association Czulent in cooperation with experts in sociology, psychology, and law.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/czulent.pl\/en\/spreading-hatred-consequences-counteraction-criminalization\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u017bydowskie Stowarzyszenie Czulent\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-01-01T12:17:04+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-04-12T13:36:28+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/czulent.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/podrecznik-szerzenie-nienawisci-kryminalizacja.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1023\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1406\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"piotr-CZULENT\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"piotr-CZULENT\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/czulent.pl\\\/en\\\/spreading-hatred-consequences-counteraction-criminalization\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/czulent.pl\\\/en\\\/spreading-hatred-consequences-counteraction-criminalization\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"piotr-CZULENT\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/czulent.pl\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/c7158f8f6d9ad6bc5ac31089d59ca371\"},\"headline\":\"Spreading hatred. Consequences. Counteraction. Criminalization.\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-01-01T12:17:04+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-04-12T13:36:28+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/czulent.pl\\\/en\\\/spreading-hatred-consequences-counteraction-criminalization\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":710,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/czulent.pl\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/czulent.pl\\\/en\\\/spreading-hatred-consequences-counteraction-criminalization\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/czulent.pl\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/01\\\/podrecznik-szerzenie-nienawisci-kryminalizacja.png\",\"keywords\":[\"capacity building\",\"case-law and legal standards\",\"human rights\",\"legal intervention\",\"systemic change\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Polish\",\"Publications\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/czulent.pl\\\/en\\\/spreading-hatred-consequences-counteraction-criminalization\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/czulent.pl\\\/en\\\/spreading-hatred-consequences-counteraction-criminalization\\\/\",\"name\":\"Spreading hatred. Consequences. Counteraction. Criminalization. - \u017bydowskie Stowarzyszenie Czulent\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/czulent.pl\\\/en\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/czulent.pl\\\/en\\\/spreading-hatred-consequences-counteraction-criminalization\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/czulent.pl\\\/en\\\/spreading-hatred-consequences-counteraction-criminalization\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/czulent.pl\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/01\\\/podrecznik-szerzenie-nienawisci-kryminalizacja.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-01-01T12:17:04+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-04-12T13:36:28+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/czulent.pl\\\/en\\\/spreading-hatred-consequences-counteraction-criminalization\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/czulent.pl\\\/en\\\/spreading-hatred-consequences-counteraction-criminalization\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/czulent.pl\\\/en\\\/spreading-hatred-consequences-counteraction-criminalization\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/czulent.pl\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/01\\\/podrecznik-szerzenie-nienawisci-kryminalizacja.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/czulent.pl\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/01\\\/podrecznik-szerzenie-nienawisci-kryminalizacja.png\",\"width\":1023,\"height\":1406},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/czulent.pl\\\/en\\\/spreading-hatred-consequences-counteraction-criminalization\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Strona g\u0142\u00f3wna\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/czulent.pl\\\/en\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Spreading hatred. Consequences. Counteraction. Criminalization.\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/czulent.pl\\\/en\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/czulent.pl\\\/en\\\/\",\"name\":\"\u017bydowskie Stowarzyszenie Czulent\",\"description\":\"Stowarzyszenie dzia\u0142a poprzez rzecznictwo polityczne, spo\u0142eczne i prawne, oraz budowanie koalicji na rzecz szerzenia tolerancji, kszta\u0142towania postaw otwarto\u015bci ze szczeg\u00f3lnym naciskiem na dzia\u0142ania pot\u0119piaj\u0105ce antysemityzm.\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/czulent.pl\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/czulent.pl\\\/en\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/czulent.pl\\\/en\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"\u017bydowskie Stowarzyszenie Czulent\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/czulent.pl\\\/en\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/czulent.pl\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/czulent.pl\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/08\\\/czulent-logo-pl.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/czulent.pl\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/08\\\/czulent-logo-pl.png\",\"width\":178,\"height\":76,\"caption\":\"\u017bydowskie Stowarzyszenie Czulent\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/czulent.pl\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/czulent.pl\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/c7158f8f6d9ad6bc5ac31089d59ca371\",\"name\":\"piotr-CZULENT\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/25e236f8fe68d0ee6a635a8a95d695d71d9960eae62f99bb4073ea1b551a9c76?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/25e236f8fe68d0ee6a635a8a95d695d71d9960eae62f99bb4073ea1b551a9c76?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/25e236f8fe68d0ee6a635a8a95d695d71d9960eae62f99bb4073ea1b551a9c76?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"piotr-CZULENT\"},\"sameAs\":[\"http:\\\/\\\/www.mniejszosci.org\\\/czulent\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/czulent.pl\\\/en\\\/author\\\/piotr-czulent\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Spreading hatred. Consequences. Counteraction. Criminalization. - \u017bydowskie Stowarzyszenie Czulent","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/czulent.pl\/en\/spreading-hatred-consequences-counteraction-criminalization\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Spreading hatred. Consequences. Counteraction. Criminalization. - \u017bydowskie Stowarzyszenie Czulent","og_description":"In the face of the growing scale of hate speech, the rapid development of new technologies, and increasingly complex forms of prejudice in both online and offline spaces, this publication was developed by the Jewish Association Czulent in cooperation with experts in sociology, psychology, and law.","og_url":"https:\/\/czulent.pl\/en\/spreading-hatred-consequences-counteraction-criminalization\/","og_site_name":"\u017bydowskie Stowarzyszenie Czulent","article_published_time":"2023-01-01T12:17:04+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-04-12T13:36:28+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1023,"height":1406,"url":"https:\/\/czulent.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/podrecznik-szerzenie-nienawisci-kryminalizacja.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"piotr-CZULENT","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"piotr-CZULENT","Est. reading time":"5 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/czulent.pl\/en\/spreading-hatred-consequences-counteraction-criminalization\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/czulent.pl\/en\/spreading-hatred-consequences-counteraction-criminalization\/"},"author":{"name":"piotr-CZULENT","@id":"https:\/\/czulent.pl\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/c7158f8f6d9ad6bc5ac31089d59ca371"},"headline":"Spreading hatred. Consequences. Counteraction. Criminalization.","datePublished":"2023-01-01T12:17:04+00:00","dateModified":"2026-04-12T13:36:28+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/czulent.pl\/en\/spreading-hatred-consequences-counteraction-criminalization\/"},"wordCount":710,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/czulent.pl\/en\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/czulent.pl\/en\/spreading-hatred-consequences-counteraction-criminalization\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/czulent.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/podrecznik-szerzenie-nienawisci-kryminalizacja.png","keywords":["capacity building","case-law and legal standards","human rights","legal intervention","systemic change"],"articleSection":["Polish","Publications"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/czulent.pl\/en\/spreading-hatred-consequences-counteraction-criminalization\/","url":"https:\/\/czulent.pl\/en\/spreading-hatred-consequences-counteraction-criminalization\/","name":"Spreading hatred. Consequences. Counteraction. Criminalization. - \u017bydowskie Stowarzyszenie Czulent","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/czulent.pl\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/czulent.pl\/en\/spreading-hatred-consequences-counteraction-criminalization\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/czulent.pl\/en\/spreading-hatred-consequences-counteraction-criminalization\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/czulent.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/podrecznik-szerzenie-nienawisci-kryminalizacja.png","datePublished":"2023-01-01T12:17:04+00:00","dateModified":"2026-04-12T13:36:28+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/czulent.pl\/en\/spreading-hatred-consequences-counteraction-criminalization\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/czulent.pl\/en\/spreading-hatred-consequences-counteraction-criminalization\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/czulent.pl\/en\/spreading-hatred-consequences-counteraction-criminalization\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/czulent.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/podrecznik-szerzenie-nienawisci-kryminalizacja.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/czulent.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/podrecznik-szerzenie-nienawisci-kryminalizacja.png","width":1023,"height":1406},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/czulent.pl\/en\/spreading-hatred-consequences-counteraction-criminalization\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Strona g\u0142\u00f3wna","item":"https:\/\/czulent.pl\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Spreading hatred. Consequences. Counteraction. Criminalization."}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/czulent.pl\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/czulent.pl\/en\/","name":"\u017bydowskie Stowarzyszenie Czulent","description":"Stowarzyszenie dzia\u0142a poprzez rzecznictwo polityczne, spo\u0142eczne i prawne, oraz budowanie koalicji na rzecz szerzenia tolerancji, kszta\u0142towania postaw otwarto\u015bci ze szczeg\u00f3lnym naciskiem na dzia\u0142ania pot\u0119piaj\u0105ce antysemityzm.","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/czulent.pl\/en\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/czulent.pl\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/czulent.pl\/en\/#organization","name":"\u017bydowskie Stowarzyszenie Czulent","url":"https:\/\/czulent.pl\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/czulent.pl\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/czulent.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/czulent-logo-pl.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/czulent.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/czulent-logo-pl.png","width":178,"height":76,"caption":"\u017bydowskie Stowarzyszenie Czulent"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/czulent.pl\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/czulent.pl\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/c7158f8f6d9ad6bc5ac31089d59ca371","name":"piotr-CZULENT","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/25e236f8fe68d0ee6a635a8a95d695d71d9960eae62f99bb4073ea1b551a9c76?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/25e236f8fe68d0ee6a635a8a95d695d71d9960eae62f99bb4073ea1b551a9c76?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/25e236f8fe68d0ee6a635a8a95d695d71d9960eae62f99bb4073ea1b551a9c76?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"piotr-CZULENT"},"sameAs":["http:\/\/www.mniejszosci.org\/czulent"],"url":"https:\/\/czulent.pl\/en\/author\/piotr-czulent\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/czulent.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7879","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/czulent.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/czulent.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/czulent.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/czulent.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7879"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/czulent.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7879\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8195,"href":"https:\/\/czulent.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7879\/revisions\/8195"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/czulent.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7666"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/czulent.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7879"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/czulent.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7879"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/czulent.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7879"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}